TN, NMF, WH, and SA wrote the software. Compared with the Delta-predominant period, the proportion of unvaccinated hospitalized Black adults increased during the Omicron-predominant period. During Omicron predominance, children aged <6 months accounted for 44% of hospitalizations among children ages 04 years3. The study had limitations worth noting. Additional limitations include the inability to estimate the effectiveness of vaccines received prior to pregnancy onset. * Data are from a weighted sample of hospitalized nonpregnant adults with completed medical record abstractions and a discharge disposition. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. We ran separate models on the time periods associated with the Delta (7/01/2021 to 12/20/2021) and Omicron variants (12/21/2021 to 5/31/2022). All authors (O.Z., B.F., N.P.K., T.R., M.G., E.L., P.R., K.G., S.O., and E.L.) critically reviewed the manuscript and decided to proceed with publication. Vaccination status is not available for Iowa and cases from Iowa are excluded from analyses that examined vaccination status. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infant protection against SARS-CoV-2 during the first six months of life. Google Scholar. Association of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants. Foo, D., Sarna, M., Pereira, G., Moore, H. C. & Regan, A. K. Longitudinal, population-based cohort study of prenatal influenza vaccination and influenza infection in childhood. Although all data used in this analysis were anonymised, the individual-level nature of the data used risks individuals being identified, or being able to self-identify, if the data are released publicly. The findings in this report are subject to at least four limitations. Nursing home residents have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19; older age, comorbidities, and the congregate nature of nursing homes place residents at higher risk for infection and severe COVID-19-associated outcomes . We used two different study designs: a primary design using a cohort analysis in which infants of vaccinated pregnant persons were compared with infants of unvaccinated pregnant persons. Rep. 7, 255263 (2022). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7112e2. Delahoy MJ, Whitaker M, OHalloran A, et al. Razzaghi, H. et al. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, a larger proportion of hospitalized Black adults were unvaccinated. 139, e20164091 (2017). Our findings that receipt of at least two doses of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy was effective at protecting infants during the Delta period are similar to those reported in a recent Norwegian study showing that mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a 71% decreased risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in infants during their first 4 months of life during the Delta period17. Variances were estimated using Taylor series linearization method. N. Engl. A recent study found that the mean titer of maternally derived antibodies in infants of vaccinated mothers were higher at age 2 months compared with antibody titers at age 6 months23. N. Engl. Surveillance officers abstracted data on sampled patients from medical charts. Maternal vaccination was protective, but protection was lower during Omicron than during Delta. Hospitalizations rates increased among all adults irrespective of vaccination status (unvaccinated, primary series only, or primary series plus a booster or additional dose). Child hospitalization rates reach record highs amid Omicron's surge Data from the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) were analyzed to compare COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults aged 18 years during B.1.617.2 (Delta; July 1December 18, 2021) and Omicron (December 19, 2021January 31, 2022) variant predominance, overall and by race/ethnicity and vaccination status. Stay up to date with what you want to know. CDC Charts Show Hospitalization Rates for Unvaxxed, 2 Doses, 3 Doses Nature Communications (Nat Commun) In this analysis, we estimated the odds ratio (OR) of vaccination of mothers of infants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 versus infants who tested negative using logistic regression models conditioned (stratified) on the calendar date of the test so that infants testing positive on a certain day were compared to infants testing negative on that same day. Another explanation is the presence of a high COVID-19 vaccination rate among studied individuals (more than two-thirds), which is supported by the finding that the majority of patients had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 prior to undergoing vaccination. In our primary analysis, we implemented a cohort study design where we used Cox proportional hazards models that allow for time-varying covariates to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 infection hazard ratio (HR) in infants of mothers vaccinated with at least 2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy and 1 dose only versus mothers who were unvaccinated during pregnancy. 1CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response Team; 2General Dynamics Information Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; 3California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California; 4Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program, CDC; 5Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment; 6Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut; 7Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; 8Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health; 9Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia; 10Iowa Department of Public Health; 11Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; 12Minnesota Department of Health; 13New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; 14New York State Department of Health; 15University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; 16Ohio Department of Health; 17Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority; 18Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 19Utah Department of Health. Adults with no documented receipt of any COVID-19 vaccine dose before the test date were considered unvaccinated. Vaccine 40, 656665 (2022). Risk of hospitalization and vaccine effectiveness among COVID-19 The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose (133.5), was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose (45.0). N. Engl. * Information on the impact that booster or additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines have on preventing hospitalizations during Omicron predominance is limited. 61) indicates a lower risk of hospitalisation with omicron versus delta, averaging over all age groups and vaccination strata. The TND, a case-control study, has been commonly used in studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccines and more recently COVID-19 vaccines. These findings are consistent with the diminishing of pregnancy-derived antibodies in infants over time22. Slider with three articles shown per slide. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England: technical briefing 35. On the bias of estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness from test-negative studies. 189, 13791388 (2020). Our analysis . State data show the average age for COVID deaths was about 80 in late 2020, but dropped in spring 2021 to as low as 69 after most older adults received their first COVID vaccines. All authors reviewed the manuscript. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:134754. Classification of omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern. Our study was strengthened both by its large sample size and our ability to follow infants through 6 months of age. We conducted secondary sensitivity analyses restricting the population to infants who received at least one SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Annually, approximately 40,000 births occur at KPNC facilities. COVID-19; IL-6 . Pfizer and BioNTech Submit for U.S. Emergency Use Authorization of Most hospitalized children were unvaccinated, and nearly one in three were Black. part 56; 42 U.S.C. CAS Internet Explorer). Using Cox regression, the effectiveness of 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine received during pregnancy was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66, 93), 62% (CI: 39, 77) and 56% (CI: 34,71) during months 02, 04 and 0- 6 of a childs life, respectively, in the Delta variant period. We take your privacy seriously. Google Scholar. Data analysis shows omicron variant less severe, better at evading vaccines First, COVID-19associated hospitalizations might have been missed because of hospital testing practices and test availability. How Severe Are Omicron Infections? - Scientific American CDC study finds shorter hospital stays during omicron wave, even as The report shows people catching Omicron are: 31% to 45% less likely to go to A&E. 50% to 70% less likely to be admitted to hospital for treatment. Severe cases may increase in the wake of holiday parties where people of all ages mixed. Am. This work was supported by grants from the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Medical Research Council (NMF, WH, SB, EV, ACG [Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis; MR/R015600/1], DDA, AMP [MC/UU/00002/11], and SRS [MC/UU/00002/10]); Medical Research Council UKRIDepartment of Health and Social Care National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) COVID-19 rapid response call (NMF, SB [MR/V038109/1], TN, AC, DDA, and AMP [MC/PC/19074]); the NIHR Health Protection Units in: Modelling and Health Economics (NMF, WH, SB, EV, AC, and ACG [NIHR200908]), Behavioural Science and Evaluation (AC and DDA), and Respiratory Infections (JLB); Wellcome Trust (SFunk and SA [210758/Z/18/Z]); philanthropic funding from Community Jameel (NMF, WH, SB, and EV); and the UKRI Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (SFlax [EP/V002910/2]). * Adults who completed a primary vaccination series were defined as those who had received the second dose of a 2-dose primary vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose product 14 days before a positive SARS-CoV-2 test associated with their hospitalization but received no booster dose. Image, Download Hi-res J. Med. M.G. J. Med. 3501 et seq. CDC. NMF, MC, GD, DDA, AMP, and ST handled project administration. Cite this article. Google Scholar. "The subpopulations with the highest risk should be considered a priority for COVID-19 therapeutics and further booster doses.". J. Med. Google Scholar. After adjusting for covariates, vaccination during pregnancy significantly reduced the risk of the infant testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66, 93) during the first 2 months of life, 62% (95% CI: 39, 77) during the first 4 months of life and 56% (95% CI: 34,71) during the first 6 months of life. TN and NMF were responsible for visualisation. On 13 December, Denmark released data showing that hospitalization rates for people infected with Omicron seemed to be on a par with those for people infected with other variants. Infect. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, a significantly shorter median length of hospital stay was observed during the Omicron-predominant period and smaller proportions of hospitalizations with intensive care unit admission, receipt of invasive mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital death. New charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more severe disease and more hospitalizations, Insider's Catherine Schuster Bruce reported. Iowa does not provide data on vaccination status. Schrag, S. J. et al. Defined as one or more of the following: chronic lung disease including asthma, chronic metabolic disease including diabetes mellitus, blood disorder/hemoglobinopathy, cardiovascular disease, neurologic disorder, immunocompromising condition, renal disease, gastrointestinal/liver disease, rheumatologic/autoimmune/inflammatory condition, obesity, feeding tube dependency, and wheelchair dependency. Third, because immunocompromise status is not always known, it is not possible to distinguish between booster and additional doses; this could have influenced observed rates. The difference between the two studies might be due to population characteristics and the timing of follow-up as ours went through May 31, 2022, while the Norwegian study ended in April 2022. Estimated Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Against Omicron or Delta The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Dis. Mothers were classified as either having had 2 doses or one dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy (and completed more than 14 days prior to delivery) or not having had any COVID-19 vaccines prior to delivery. Dagan, N. et al. Using previously described methods (3), investigators collected clinical data on a representative sample of adult patients (7.9%) hospitalized during July 1, 2021January 31, 2022, stratified by age and COVID-NET site. Spontaneous abortion following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Mortal. Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in weekly rate calculations but are included in previous weeks. In addition, our study period included two different SARV-CoV-2 variants, which allowed estimation of the effectiveness of vaccination during pregnancy in infants during both the Delta and Omicron variant periods. The population of unvaccinated adults is determined by subtracting the number of adults who received any dose of vaccine, as previously defined, from the population. Beginning the week of December 1925, 2021, the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) became the predominant circulating variant in the United States (i.e., accounted for >50% of sequenced isolates). COVID-19 vaccine surveillance report: week 6. Rep. 71, 2630 (2022). The research was published yesterday in JAMA Internal Medicine. Female sex was a protective factor (HR, 0.52), while residence in a nursing home or low-income area was a risk factor. (2021) Omicron is supercharging the COVID vaccine booster debate. To obtain RESP-NET: COVID-19 Associated Hospitalization Rates among Adults Ages 65 Years and Older CDC's Respiratory Virus Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RESP-NET) shows that overall weekly rates of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations have declined for all age groups from a peak in December 2022. Percentages presented were weighted to account for the probability of selection for sampled cases (3). Trends in disease severity and health care utilization during the early Omicron variant period compared with previous SARS-CoV-2 high transmission periodsUnited States, December 2020January 2022. Nature Communications thanks Annette Regan, Olof Stephansson and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Pediatr. provided as a service to MMWR readers and do not constitute or imply Among the infants in the cohort, 19,418 (64.06%) of the mothers were unvaccinated during pregnancy, 1138 (3.75%) of the mothers received one dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and 9755 (32.18%) received 2 doses during pregnancy (Table1). For children whose mothers received one dose before pregnancy and two doses during pregnancy, VE against infection was 89% during the first 2 months of life, 73% during the first 4 months of life, and 48% up to 6 months of life. How likely is COVID-19 hospitalization for vaccinated Americans? - USAFacts 26 Among those fully vaccinated individuals 5 years of age who are booster eligible, only 49% have received a . and/or the original MMWR paper copy for printable versions of official text, figures, and tables. Coinciding with Omicron variant predominance, COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults increased in late December 2021 and peaked in January 2022; rates increased more among Black adults relative to rates among adults of other racial and ethnic groups. In the TND, we estimated that during the Delta predominant period, maternal vaccination with at least doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 95% (95% CI:76, 99) during the first 2 months of life, 70% (95% CI: 52, 82) during the first 4 months of life, and 61% (95% CI: 42, 74) during the first 6 months of life (Supplemental Table2). Vaccinated patients were older (68 vs. 57 years), and 62% had at least one comorbidity Admission to the ICU was 20%, and the mortality rate at 30 days was 14%. J. Med. During the Delta dominant period, the crude incidences of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first 2, 4, and 6 months of life were lower among infants whose mothers received at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy (0.75, 1.43, and 1.56 infants per 100 person-years [PY], respectively) than those whose mothers were not vaccinated during pregnancy (5.47, 5.10, and 4.78 infants per 100 PYs, respectively). as well as other partner offers and accept our. The Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia, The Lancet Regional Health Western Pacific, 36-fold higher estimate of deaths attributable to red meat intake in GBD 2019: is this reliable? Hospitalization Risk from Omicron 'Around a Third of Delta' - WebMD JAMA Intern. 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omicron hospitalization rate vaccinated by age