A question: how is it decided that the cut-off between a language and dialect is 90% MI? How come you have not done a post about 9/11 before Robert? Yes because governments dont conspire do they except for the Gulf of Tonkin, Iraq war, drug trafficking, coups, supporting the same Islamic terrorism which is even mentioned in main stream press during the 90s with links to the 9/11 hijackers which we are now supposably fighting a phoney war on terror against. Anti-Ethnic Sentiments At least not in general if so, it might depend on the school. In the case of Croatian and Slovene, the intelligibility is asymmetric, since Slovene participants could understand Croatian better than vice versa. Tradues em contexto de "mutuamente compreensvel" en portugus-ingls da Reverso Context : Os membros da equipa de verificao da Comisso podem comunicar com as autoridades e com o pessoal do operador da instalao numa lngua comum e mutuamente compreensvel. I can grasp only something in the sense that these four periods have different names and that they dont designate different languages (delene e uslovno i imenata ne otrazjavat razlini ezici), but only periods of the development of Bulgarian (samo periodi v razvitieto na balgarskija ezik), with typical changes or features (za koito se otkrivat charakterni belezi). Most pairs have no figure for written intelligibility. 0%? For me personally, Serbian is very interesting, because it sounds like Macedonian, but a bit different because of the declensions. General Musharraf says that Sheikh, who orchestrated the abduction, was recruited by MI6 while he was studying at the London School of Economics and sent to the Balkans to take part in jihad operations there. In akavian they are once more old slavic. Despite all of this, Ukrainian and Russian aren't the closest languages in the Slavic language family, and they're not even mutually intelligible. by Christine Ro. However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages. Its grammar is close to that of Russian. Even little kids who watch the show understand. The dialects of Ukrainian do not differ extensively from one another and are all mutually intelligible. Funny thing when Slovene tourists come to Dalmatian islands they start to speak awkward Serbo Croatian they learned long ago in yugo schools because they fear of not being understood. Czech-Polish is not at 12% anymore, a new study has found it is 32%. Then tokavian person reaction would be: What? Can a Russian speaker understand Polish? The latter is heavily mixed with Shtokavian. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. Nevertheless, writing continues in various Kajkavian dialects which still retain some connection to the old literary language, although some of the lexicon and grammar are going out (Jembrigh 2014). In some respects, all Slavic languages have a lot in common. I've ne. The truth is that a person can often understand other dialects, except his native one. On the other hand, it can be difficult for Russians to understand Ukrainian (though it is easy for them to learn it). Yes of course. You get 0%. All Rights Reserved. Chakavian and Kajkavian have high, but not full mutual intelligibility. but what if person is from island and speaks heavy akavian and tokavian speaker is real tokavian like from Slavonia (North Eastern Croatia). In my opinion Czech and Slovak mutual intelligibility is not heavily exaggerated but actually very underrated(or some opposite word of exagerated, sorry for my poor english). What Language Is The Closest To Polish? (A Look At 7 - AutoLingual On the other side, i.e. This is also true of vocabulary and other aspects. Russian influence only ended in 1878. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. They are essentially speaking the same language. Sets of similar languages are the result of shared origin, so knowing a little more about mutual intelligibility can help you understand their origin. The Croatians left Croatia and came to Italy from 1400-1500. For true MI testing, we want virgin ears, and it has to be both ways. However, there are dialects in between Ukrainian and Russian such as the Eastern Polissian and Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian that are intelligible with both languages . Good post, OP. However, my girlfriend never ever says these words and rather uses on and ona just like in Serbian. Russian and Ukrainian: Are They Really the Same Language? In this week's Slavic languages comparison, we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. Only problem is which is in Czech but not in slovak. During the last 20 years, Ukraine has tried to make the language norm as far from Russian as possible for nationalistic reasons. Slovenian while it sounds slavic to me is not intelligible at all save for a few words here and there. a person with Virgin ears from any where in the Czech republic and west and central Slovakia will understand each other fairly well. More properly, their speech is best seen as closer to Macedonian than to Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian. Nevertheless, most Bulgarians over the age of 30-35 understand Russian well since studying Russian was mandatory under Communism. Most people in Slovenia learn Serbian language so it is hard to estimate the real mutual intelligibility between Slovenian and Serbian language. A Serbian native speaker felt that the percentages for South Slavic seemed to be accurate. I always aske her about whether she understands Bulgarian and Serbian and she claims Serbian is way closer to her language rather than Bulgarian. However, Bulgarian-Russian written intelligibility is much higher. What if akavian person is from dalmatian coastal village which is now half tokavised and tokavian speaker is from Dalmatian city which still has some elements of akavian, ikavian yat and is full of romanisms? Slovak somewhat more than Polish, but still very little. I will also say that it is a fact that a British intelligence linked terrorist Anas al-Liby recruited by MI6 to kill Gadaffi in 96 was involved in the African Embassy bombings. So if you believe the fantastic conspiracy theory that 19 hijackers some have been discovered to be still alive were able to hijack 4 commercial planes for hours uninterrupted armed only with boxcutters and crash them into US largest and with the Pentagon most well guarded which has its own missile defence and radar system buildings on US? If we follow this line of reasoning, it would be correct to conclude that English is highly intelligible to Serbian speakers because most Serbs speak English. Femke Swarte studied the mutual intelligibility of twenty Germanic language combinations. The Polish langauge uses the Latin script, while the Ukrainian is written in Cyrillic. Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). A Slovenian person that has never lived in the east of the country understands only about 60 70 % of the dialect (Prekmurski dialect). I speak both Southern akavian and neotokavian. Mezentseva, Inna. Czechs claim only 10-15% intelligibility of Polish. A more updated version of this paper with working hyperlinks can be found on Academia.edu here. In the Kievan Rus', Russian and Ukrainian were dialects of the same language, meaning that they were largely mutually intelligible with only minor vocabulary or grammatical differences. Ukrainian is a lineal descendant of the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus (10th-13th century). A Serb gave me this information. It is important to note that the idea of this paper was try to test "pure inherent intelligibility." A pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a couple of things. However, many of these dialects are at least partially mutually intelligible. Usually, theyre at least partially mutually intelligible with the main language they stem from. Interesting article My parents (and naturally me when I was child) make a lot of mistakes in the word cases and it means that they are (for the speakers from more west Serbian and also Croatian region) the lower social group, that they are not educated enough or that they are unread, and why dont Macedonians in their native language too, especially in ex Yugoslavia. Accent is on last or penultimate syllable. There can be huge differences between spoken/written forms of a Slavic language, because the written form may have a very similar vocabulary, phonology and grammar, but due to a different, strong stress, you wont understand almost anything. The Czech law even states that Slovak language can be used in schools and in official documents. Macedonian is a little easier, since its more a transitional dialect between Bulgarian and Serbian. 2 Ukrainian Phrasebook And Dictionary Paperback 1-03-2023 Mutually Intelligible? Shtokavian is simply the same Serbo-Croatian language that is also spoken in Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia. So I understand Kajkavians and Slovenes except for a germanic package. Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija, saestvuvat oe makedonska norma, kojato sao izpolzva kirilica, i banatska norma, kojata izpolzva latinica. My family comes from Kaikavian (50%), Chakavian (25%) and Shtokavian (25%) areas, but at home, especially last years, we prefer to use only Kaikavian-Chakavian. Czech has 82% intelligibility of Slovak (varies from 70-95%), 12% of Polish and 5% of Russian and Bulgarian. Thank you very much for this. For example we chakavians use a lot of words used in Polish, Ukrainian, Slovak etc but in standard Croatian those words are described as archaisms and instead words used in tokavian come from Turkish. My gues. Je to oficiln jazyk v Bulharsk republice a jeden z 23 oficilnch jazyk v Evropsk unii. In contrast, there is often significant intelligibility between different Scandinavian languages, but as each of them has its own standard form, they are classified as separate languages. Serbo-Croatian has variable intelligibility of Macedonian, averaging ~55%, while Nis Serbians have ~90% intelligibility with Macedonian. I grew up as a Ukrainian speaker in North America. It is an official language of the Bulgarian republic and one of 23 official languages of the European Union. Bolgarian 30 % spoken, 50 % written 8. Im Slovenian, my mother tongue is Slovenian, however I have also learnt Serbo-Croatian from a very early age. It was probably in the same ballpark as Polish for me. Im a speaker of Torlakian Serbian characteristically closer to Macedonian than Standard Serbian, having three (nom/acc/voc) cases and using a fusional instead of an analytic past tense and, with regards to a certain comment made two years ago on here, can, without issue, understand Zona Zamfirova, a movie about life in Ottoman Ni, without any subtitles. Torlakians are often said to speak Bulgarian, but this is not exactly the case. When we do intelligiblity studies, we look for virgin ears or people who have not heard the other language much or at all. It seems polish and bulgarian are the easiest for me to understand (save for bosnian, serbian, and crnogorski). How do they arrive at these estimates? & relat.)) I would hazzard to say that Polish and Czech languages are at minimum 50% Intelligible and comprehensible between Poles and Czechs (when spoken with normal pace ) and at least 60-70% . Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ac933fc62d348b183dfc4516edf000ec" );document.getElementById("b83dbe3da2").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. Speaking of myself, after calculating everything, I can understand to specific degree Slovene, somewhat Slovak/Russian, Serbo-Croatian std without problems and also Macedonians. [4], Some linguists use mutual intelligibility as a primary criterion for determining whether two speech varieties represent the same or different languages. Still others (for example, Voegelin and Voegelin 1977) recognize just two main dialect groups: Eastern and Western Ukrainian. You would be amazed at how good peoples estimates of this sort of thing are though. Ukrainian 15 % spoken, 25 % written At some point he probably became a rogue or double agent, General Musharraf says. Are Russian and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? - Quora Student Authored Website. Intelligibility problems are mostly on the Czech end because they dont bother to learn Slovak while many Slovaks learn Czech. http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/usama-bin-laden/view Are polish and russian mutually intelligible? I speak tokavski croatian (and can read and understand serbian (both cyrillic and latin) and can adapt my croatian to be more serbian grammatically and with vocabulary) and just recently I had a conversation where I spoke croatian and the other person spoke polish. For example, British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL) are quite different and mutually unintelligible, even though the hearing people of the United Kingdom and the United States share the same spoken language. Look at this Polish girl: Pure Silesian appears to be a dying language. Hello, can you tell me, how much Kajkavian can your average Chakavian speaker understand in percentage? Personal communication. Woof woof! However, she is from Skopje, close to the Serbian border and which have had much more influence from Serbian. Russian. How this is measured varies, but mutual intelligibility and vocabulary overlap, and often play a role in these calculations. On the one hand, Belarussian has some dialects that are intelligible with some dialects of both Russian and Ukrainian. To my opinion, Macedonian and Bulgarian would be today much closer if Macedonian had not been heavily influenced by Serbian and Bulgarian not influenced so much by Russian. People observing conversation between Cieszyn Silesian and Upper Silesian report that they have a hard time understanding each other. Learning a language becomes fun and easy when you learn with movie trailers, music videos, news and inspiring talks. We also participate in other affiliate advertising programs for products and services we believe in. Complicating the picture is the fact that many Ukrainians are bilingual and speak Russian also. most speakers of one language find it relatively easy to achieve some degree of understanding in the related language(s). It forms a single tongue and is not several separate languages as many insist. These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. It is not true that Shtokavian which I speak is not mutually intelligible with Torlakian of southern Serbia. It has been massively updated with a lot of new research from controlled scientific intelligibility studies. Mutual intelligibility between languages - CourseFinders According to Ethnologue, there are more than 7,000 languages in the world, with some being more difficult to learn than others. Older people who rembember federation understand everything. Clearly it WAS the Illuminati at workI guess the planes were flown by shapeshifting lizards, toooh, come to think of it, isnt George Bush Junior a lizard, too! Bulgarian and Macedonian can understand each other to a great degree (65-80%) but not completely. He alleges that Sheikh later double-crossed British intelligence. 2. However, any suggestions that Kajkavian is a separate language are censored on Croatian TV (Jembrigh 2014). In the evening of the first day it reaches 93%, in a week 95%, all unsupervised, almost effortlessly, just by being there, watching, listening, talking and asking for an explanation here and there. 1. Czech 20 % spoken, 40 % written Usually, they can even write their theses in Slovak. Lemko is spoken heavily in Poland, and it differs from Standard Rusyn in that it has a lot of Polish vocabulary, whereas Standard Rusyn has more influences from Hungarian and Romanian. plenty of prepositions are used in a similar, if not identical, manner; to name an example, na is used in both Macedonian and Ni Torlak as a replacement for the Serbian genitive, in addition to its standard use as on(to) It depends which dialect. In contrast, Filipovi is talking slowly, and although some words have a different stress than in Czech, I can identify them pretty well and hence listening to this guy is basically like reading a written text in Serbo-Croatian. 4. but they are often mutually intelligible. Northern (Istrian and Kvarner) akavian is closer to kajkavian and Slovene then Southern akavian is ( I understand 95%+ n). In the former Czechoslovakia, everything was 50-50 bilingual media, literature, etc. Czech and Slovak are simply dialects of this one tongue. But akavian being archaic it has old slavic package. Much of the claimed intelligibility between Czech and Slovak was simply bilingual learning. No there is not. Ukrainian and Belarusian are mutually intelligible and in general very close and have some common features like synthetical future, but Russian speakers (who know only Russian) only partially understand Ukrainian/Belarusian. What sort of Slav nation are you a part of my friend? 4.3. YIDDISH DIALECTS - JewishGen Most Croatian linguists recognized Kajkavian as a separate language. General. But they are unaware of the fact that islander have a lot of latin but also old Croatian (Slavic) words instead of Turkish which are used by supossedly more Croatian tokavian speaker. We speak them too. I think that nowadays people from Ni also dont understand that Serbian enough.
are polish and ukrainian mutually intelligible