They settled at the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and New Netherland in North America. Some Huguenots fought in the Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain during the first years of the Dutch Revolt (15681609). [77] Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century. After John Calvin introduced the Reformation in France, the number of French Protestants steadily swelled to ten percent of the population, or roughly 1.8million people, in the decade between 1560 and 1570. [95][96] Many became private tutors, schoolmasters, travelling tutors and owners of riding schools, where they were hired by the upper class.[97]. Examples include: Blignaut, Cilliers, Cronje (Cronier), de Klerk (Le Clercq), de Villiers, du Plessis, Du Preez (Des Pres), du Randt (Durand), du Toit, Duvenhage (Du Vinage), Franck, Fouch, Fourie (Fleurit), Gervais, Giliomee (Guilliaume), Gous/Gouws (Gauch), Hugo, Jordaan (Jourdan), Joubert, Kriek, Labuschagne (la Buscagne), le Roux, Lombard, Malan, Malherbe, Marais, Maree, Minnaar (Mesnard), Nel (Nell), Naud, Nortj (Nortier), Pienaar (Pinard), Retief (Retif), Roux, Rossouw (Rousseau), Taljaard (Taillard), TerBlanche, Theron, Viljoen (Vilion) and Visagie (Visage). It sought an alliance between the city-state of Geneva and the Swiss Confederation. Soon, they became enraged with the Dutch trading tactics, and drove out the settlers. Their Principles Delineated; Their Character Illustrated; Their Sufferings and Successes Recorded by William Henry Foote; Presbyterian Committee of Publication, 1870 - 627, The Huguenots: History and Memory in Transnational Context: Essays in Honour and Memory of by Walter C. Utt, From a Far Country: Camisards and Huguenots in the Atlantic World by Catharine Randall, Paul Arblaster, Gergely Juhsz, Guido Latr (eds), Fischer, David Hackett, "Champlain's Dream", 2008, Alfred A. Knopf Canada, article on EIDupont says he did not even emigrate to the US and establish the mills until after the French Revolution, so the mills were not operating for theAmerican revolution. "Genealogical Research in Nova Scotia" by Terrance Punch - ISBN 1-55109-235-2 - Terry is a professionally accredited Canadian genealogist who specializes in immigration from Ireland, Germany and Montbliard (Huguenot Protestants French-Swiss border area). [11][12] By 1911, there was still no consensus in the United States on this interpretation. It moved to Rochester in 1959, and now provides sheltered homes for fifty-five residents. [29], Other predecessors of the Reformed church included the pro-reform and Gallican Roman Catholics, such as Jacques Lefevre (c. 14551536). Most of the refugees from the German . The warfare was definitively quelled in 1598, when Henry of Navarre, having succeeded to the French throne as Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism in order to obtain the French crown, issued the Edict of Nantes. Of course, the Huguenots were not the only refugee group who came to Ireland in the past. The French added to the existing immigrant population, then comprising about a third of the population of the city. Research in these areas can be quite challenging. [citation needed], These tensions spurred eight civil wars, interrupted by periods of relative calm, between 1562 and 1598. Prince Louis de Cond, along with his sons Daniel and Osias,[citation needed] arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrcken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604. ", Mark Greengrass, "Protestant exiles and their assimilation in early modern England. One of the more notable Huguenot descendants in Ireland was Sen Lemass (18991971), who was appointed as Taoiseach, serving from 1959 until 1966. A large monument to commemorate the arrival of the Huguenots in South Africa was inaugurated on 7 April 1948 at Franschhoek. The wars gradually took on a dynastic character, developing into an extended feud between the Houses of Bourbon and Guise, both of whichin addition to holding rival religious viewsstaked a claim to the French throne. D.J.B. I know . Geneva was John Calvin's adopted home and the centre of the Calvinist movement. Whilst searching for a rellie who may have gone by a surname that is the anglicised version of a French word (Francois becomming Francewar), I found a few more French names in St Peter's records. Research genealogy for Alma Levi Russell Russell, as well as other members of the Russell family, on Ancestry. Escalating, he instituted dragonnades, which included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops, in an effort to forcibly convert them. Dutch and Walloon Calvinists arrived in force in Elizabethan England - there were over 15,000 foreign Protestants in the country in the 1590s, the majority Dutch and almost all of the remainder Walloon and Huguenot - but few needed to come once the independence of the United Provinces was secured. Manifesto, (or Declaration of Principles), of the French Protestant Church of London, Founded by Charter of Edward VI. For example, E.I. A. Roche promoted this idea among historians. Reply. [citation needed], Following the accidental death of Henry II in 1559, his son succeeded as King Francis II along with his wife, the Queen Consort, also known as Mary, Queen of Scots. Amongst them were 200 pastors. Several French Protestant churches are descended from or tied to the Huguenots, including: Criticism and conflict with the Catholic Church, Right of return to France in the 19th and 20th centuries, The Huguenot Population of France, 1600-1685: The Demographic Fate and Customs of a Religious Minority by Philip Benedict; American Philosophical Society, 1991 - 164, The Huguenots: Or, Reformed French Church. At first he sent missionaries, backed by a fund to financially reward converts to Roman Catholicism. 3rd. Many modern Afrikaners have French surnames, which are given Afrikaans pronunciation and orthography. Most French Huguenots were either unable or unwilling to emigrate to avoid forced conversion to Roman Catholicism. Some Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire, one of the main centres of the British lace industry at the time. "Huguenot Trails" publications are available in the periodicals section of the Quebec Family History Society in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. ", Heinz Schilling,"Innovation through migration: the settlements of Calvinistic Netherlanders in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century Central and Western Europe. A French church in Portarlington dates back to 1696,[113] and was built to serve the significant new Huguenot community in the town. Most came from northern France (Brittany, Normandy, and Picardy, as well as West Flanders (subsequently French Flanders), which had been annexed from the Southern Netherlands by Louis XIV in 1668-78[83]). The church was eventually replaced by a third, Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church, which contains heirlooms including the original bell from the French Huguenot Church Eglise du St. Esperit on Pine Street in New York City, which is preserved as a relic in the tower room. Janet Gray and other supporters of the hypothesis suggest that the name huguenote would be roughly equivalent to 'little Hugos', or 'those who want Hugo'.[6]. Calvinists lived primarily in the Midi; about 200,000 Lutherans accompanied by some Calvinists lived in the newly acquired Alsace, where the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia effectively protected them. The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands. Wijsenbeek, Thera. When in 1808 a law signed by Napoleon forced all French Jews to take hereditary surnames, local Jews retained the family names they used for many centuries such as Crmieu (x), Milhaud, Monteux . Two years later, with the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789, Protestants gained equal rights as citizens.[4]. "[10], Some have suggested the name was derived, with similar intended scorn, from les guenon de Hus (the 'monkeys' or 'apes of Jan Hus'). and. In 1825, this privilege was reduced to the south aisle and in 1895 to the former chantry chapel of the Black Prince. Some remained, practicing their Faith in secret. Smaller settlements, which included Killeshandra in County Cavan, contributed to the expansion of flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen industry. It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America. In Berlin the Huguenots created two new neighbourhoods: Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt. FAQs; Blog; Past Newsletters; Scrapbook; Huguenot Names. Prior to its establishment, Huguenots used the Cabbage Garden near the cathedral. [98] Andrew Lortie (born Andr Lortie), a leading Huguenot theologian and writer who led the exiled community in London, became known for articulating their criticism of the Pope and the doctrine of transubstantiation during Mass. On the day we visited, it was staffed by two ladies who were residents of the French Hospital. ", Lien Bich Luu, "French-speaking refugees and the foundation of the London silk industry in the 16th century. huguenotstreet.org is ranked #2002 in the Hobbies and Leisure > Ancestry and Genealogy category and #7843378 Globally according to January 2023 data. In the early 18th century, a regional group known as the Camisards (who were Huguenots of the mountainous Massif Central region) rioted against the Catholic Church, burning churches and killing the clergy. [105], Many Huguenots from the Lorraine region also eventually settled in the area around Stourbridge in the modern-day West Midlands, where they found the raw materials and fuel to continue their glassmaking tradition. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. Many families, today, mostly Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry. The Pennsylvania-German, Volume 5 Full view - 1904. Huguenots lived on the Atlantic coast in La Rochelle, and also spread across provinces of Normandy and Poitou. Some Huguenot immigrants settled in central and eastern Pennsylvania. The first wave took place between 1540 and 1590 and mainly concerned Geneva. While many American Huguenot groups worship in borrowed churches, the congregation in Charleston has its own church. The first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope was Maria de la Quellerie, wife of commander Jan van Riebeeck (and daughter of a Walloon church minister), who arrived on 6 April 1652 to establish a settlement at what is today Cape Town. Konstanze Dahn (real name Constanze Le Gaye) (1814-1894), German actress. German: northern variant of Grob.North German: habitational name from any of several places called Grove or Groven in . In 1709, when the Palatinates were living at St. Katherine's by the Tower, a beautiful church and hospital were located there as well, known as St. Katharine's Church. On 12 May 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown. [33] Since the Huguenots had political and religious goals, it was commonplace to refer to the Calvinists as "Huguenots of religion" and those who opposed the monarchy as "Huguenots of the state", who were mostly nobles.[34]. Some settlers landed in present-day Chesterfield County. The ancestral listing on our website is an "open listing" which means it is periodically updated from time to time as new information becomes available. I.". The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power. By contrast, the Protestant populations of eastern France, in Alsace, Moselle, and Montbliard, were mainly Lutherans. Early Notables of the France family (pre 1700) More information is included under the topic Early France Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.. France Ranking. The Huguenots of Guanabara, as they are now known, produced what is known as the Guanabara Confession of Faith to explain their beliefs. The bulk of Huguenot migrs moved to Protestant states such as the Dutch Republic, England and Wales, Protestant-controlled Ireland, the Channel Islands, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the electorates of Brandenburg and the Palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Duchy of Prussia. Rhetoric like this became fiercer as events unfolded, and eventually stirred up a reaction in the Catholic establishment. O. I. While the Huguenot population was at one time fairly large, these names are not now common though they are still seen in some street names and A couple of ships with around 500 people arrived at the Guanabara Bay, present-day Rio de Janeiro, and settled on a small island. . In his Encyclopedia of Protestantism, Hans Hillerbrand wrote that on the eve of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572, the Huguenot community made up as much as 10% of the French population. The Huguenot Society of America has headquarters in New York City and has a broad national membership. Most of the cities in which the Huguenots gained a hold saw iconoclast riots in which altars and images in churches, and sometimes the buildings themselves torn down. Eric J. Roth, "From Protestant International to Hudson Valley Provincial: A Case Study of Language Use and Ethnicity in New Paltz, New York, 16781834". Synodicon in Gallia Reformata: or, the Acts, Decisions, Decrees, and Canons of those Famous National Councils of the Reformed Churches in France, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huguenots&oldid=1142115187. By 1692, a total of 201 French Huguenots had settled at the Cape of Good Hope. As both spoke French in daily life, their court church in the Prinsenhof in Delft held services in French. The first Mennonite immigrants bearing this name came to PA in the first half of the 18th century. The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest. Huguenot Genealogy; Places & Traces Menu Toggle. This was about 21% of all the recorded Hubert's in USA. . The community they created there is still known as Fleur de Lys (the symbol of France), an unusual French village name in the heart of the valleys of Wales. Local church records and histories are very helpful in that regard. During the eighteen months of the reign of Francis II, Mary encouraged a policy of rounding up French Huguenots on charges of heresy and putting them in front of Catholic judges, and employing torture and burning as punishments for dissenters. These were especially poor wretches living in desperate circumstances or mercenaries who had been unemployed since the end of the 30 years war. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who gradually increased persecution of Protestantism until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685). Instead of being in Purgatory after death, according to Catholic doctrine, they came back to harm the living at night. They were persecuted by Catholic France, and about 300,000 Huguenots fled France for England, Holland, Switzerland, Prussia, and the Dutch and English colonies in the Americas. Retaliating against the French Catholics, the Huguenots had their own militia. Other evidence of the Walloons and Huguenots in Canterbury includes a block of houses in Turnagain Lane, where weavers' windows survive on the top floor, as many Huguenots worked as weavers. I'll say a word about it to settle the doubts of those who have strayed in seeking its origin. Early ties were already visible in the Apologie of William the Silent, condemning the Spanish Inquisition, which was written by his court minister, the Huguenot Pierre L'Oyseleur, lord of Villiers. They also found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there (which were called the "Walloon churches"). At the time, they constituted the majority of the townspeople.[114]. [107][108][109][110][111] Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite War in Ireland, for which they were rewarded with land grants and titles, many settling in Dublin. Due to the Huguenots' early ties with the leadership of the Dutch Revolt and their own participation, some of the Dutch patriciate are of part-Huguenot descent. In addition, many areas, especially in the central part of the country, were also contested between the French Reformed and Catholic nobles. And yet another fact hard to deny is that the Huguenot French component seems to have persevered to a greater extent culturally than the German. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. [80] In upstate New York they merged with the Dutch Reformed community and switched first to Dutch and then in the early 19th century to English. In the Manakintown area, the Huguenot Memorial Bridge across the James River and Huguenot Road were named in their honour, as were many local features, including several schools, including Huguenot High School. In relative terms, this was one of the largest waves of immigration ever of a single ethnic community to Britain. But it was not until 31 December 1687 that the first organised group of Huguenots set sail from the Netherlands to the Dutch East India Company post at the Cape of Good Hope. [14][15], The issue of demographic strength and geographical spread of the Reformed tradition in France has been covered in a variety of sources. [41], In 1561, the Edict of Orlans declared an end to the persecution, and the Edict of Saint-Germain of January 1562 formally recognised the Huguenots for the first time. The early immigrants settled in Franschhoek ("French Corner") . By the end of the sixteenth century, Huguenots constituted 7-8% of the whole population, or 1.2million people. Huguenots intermarried with Dutch from the outset. Inhabited by Camisards, it continues to be the backbone of French Protestantism. They founded the silk industry in England. Historians estimate that roughly 80% of all Huguenots lived in the western and southern areas of France. Long integrated into Australian society, it is encouraged by the Huguenot Society of Australia to embrace and conserve its cultural heritage, aided by the Society's genealogical research services.[67]. Research genealogy for Norma Jane "Jane" Haas of Chittenango, New York, as well as other members of the Haas family, on Ancestry. When Paul Roux, a pastor who arrived with the main group of Huguenots, died in 1724, the Dutch administration, as a special concession, permitted another French cleric to take his place "for the benefit of the elderly who spoke only French". If you know of more Huguenot family names in Australia, please email ozhug@optushome.com.au. Michael Thomas (Thomas-10705): Johann LeBachelle (Lebachelle-13) - according to family lore, emigrated from France to Kaiserslautern, Germany c1685. The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them had occupied important places in society. The Huguenots were concentrated in the southern and western parts of the Kingdom of France. 1491-1532? Helped establish the Scottish weaving trade. Raymond P. Hylton, "The Huguenot Settlement at Portarlington, C. E. J. Caldicott, Hugh Gough, Jean-Paul Pittion (1987), Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 16:02, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, gathered in each other's houses to study secretly, Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Angermnde, George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lneburg, George Lunt, "Huguenot The origin and meaning of the name", "The National Huguenot Society - Who Were the Huguenots? The superstition of our ancestors, to within twenty or thirty years thereabouts, was such that in almost all the towns in the kingdom they had a notion that certain spirits underwent their Purgatory in this world after death, and that they went about the town at night, striking and outraging many people whom they found in the streets. [32], Although usually Huguenots are lumped into one group, there were actually two types of Huguenots that emerged. Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names. Numerous signs of Huguenot presence can still be seen with names still in use, and with areas of the main towns and cities named after the people who settled there. [French, from Old French huguenot, member of a Swiss political movement, alteration (influenced by Bezanson Hugues (c. QC, in 1761. [74] Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbour at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighbourhood now known as Bushwick. The last Afrikaner President was named F. W. de Klerk, his surname being a form of Le Clerc. Use the search box to find a specific Family Name, Year, Location or Occupation. Updated on January 12, 2018. See my info below about how to contact Alsace-Lorraine, the two provinces where many Huguenots once lived. Huguenot, any of the Protestants in France in the 16th and 17th centuries, many of whom suffered severe persecution for their faith. The crown, occupied by the House of Valois, generally supported the Catholic side, but on occasion switched over to the Protestant cause when politically expedient. In 1685, Rev. Consequently, many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvinist-controlled Dutch Republic, which also happened to lead the opposition to Louis XIV, as the most attractive country for exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Some 40,000-50,000 settled in England, mostly in towns near the sea in the southern districts, with the largest concentration in London where they constituted about 5% of the total population in 1700. Huguenots fled first to neighboring countries, the Netherlands, the Swiss cantons, England, and some German states, and a few thousand of them farther away to Russia, Scandinavia, British North America, and the Dutch Cape colony in southern Africa.About 2,000 Huguenots settled in New York, South Carolina, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island in the . They also settled elsewhere in Kent, particularly Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstonetowns in which there used to be refugee churches. They first found safety in die Pfalz, a Protestant region in present-day southwest Germany. [citation needed], By 1620, the Huguenots were on the defensive, and the government increasingly applied pressure. The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them had occupied important places in society. With each break in peace, the Huguenots' trust in the Catholic throne diminished, and the violence became more severe, and Protestant demands became grander, until a lasting cessation of open hostility finally occurred in 1598. In 1646, the land was granted to Jacob Jacobson Roy, a gunner at the fort in New Amsterdam (now Manhattan), and named "Konstapel's Hoeck" (Gunner's Point in Dutch). Stadtholder William III of Orange, who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV after the French attacked the Dutch Republic in 1672. [56], Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 villes de sret ('cities of protection' or 'protected cities') that the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots. Some Huguenot preachers and congregants were attacked as they attempted to meet for worship. [123] The last prime minister of East Germany, Lothar de Maizire,[124] is also a descendant of a Huguenot family, as is the former German Federal Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizire. . The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550. The Huguenot population of France dropped to 856,000 by the mid-1660s, of which a plurality lived in rural areas. Trim, . It's also the last name of Carmelita Jeter, an American sprinter who specializes in the 100 meter sprint. [69] The largest portion of the Huguenots to settle in the Cape arrived between 1688 and 1689 in seven ships as part of the organised migration, but quite a few arrived as late as 1700; thereafter, the numbers declined and only small groups arrived at a time.[70]. [35] The height of this persecution was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in August, 1572, when 5,000 to 30,000 were killed, although there were also underlying political reasons for this as well, as some of the Huguenots were nobles trying to establish separate centres of power in southern France. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia.
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