list of slaves sold by georgetown university

in Fr. The Jesuits used the proceeds to benefit then-Georgetown College. [7], By 1824, the Jesuit plantations totaled more than 12,000 acres (4,900 hectares) in the State of Maryland, and 1,700 acres (690 hectares) in eastern Pennsylvania. The sale however is the largest one acknowledged to date. A microcosm of the whole history of American slavery, Dr. Rothman said. Were sorry registration isn't working smoothly for you. As Black Americans as descendants of enslaved people we have always been told youll never know who you are. Thomas Lilly reported. [71] The university instead decided to raise $400,000 per year in voluntary donations for the benefit of descendants. In the list are links to affiliate partners. At Georgetown, slavery and scholarship were inextricably linked. [18], The Maryland Jesuits, having been elevated from a mission to the status of a province in 1833,[17] held their first general congregation in 1835, where they considered again what to do with their plantations. The two feared that because the public would not accept additional manumitted blacks, the Jesuits would be forced to sell their slaves en masse. In total, there are 167 countries that still have slavery and around 46 million slaves today, according to the 2016 Global Slavery Index.. The enslaved African-Americans had belonged to the nations most prominent Jesuit priests. They also established schools on their lands. Georgetown University was an active participant in the slave trade selling upwards of 272 slaves from their Maryland run plantation to the deep south in an effort to support the then struggling university in 1838 according to The New York Times. Patricia Bayonne-Johnson, a descendant of another of the slaves sold by the Jesuits, is the president of the Eastern Washington Genealogical Society in Spokane, Wash., which is helping to track the slaves and their families. (RNS) A genealogical association has launched a new website detailing the family histories of slaves who were sold to keep Catholic-run Georgetown University from bankruptcy in . Dr. Rothman, the Georgetown historian, heard about Mr. Cellinis efforts and let him know that he and several of his students were also tracing the slaves. History must be faced in order to heal and move forward! [28] Most of the slaves who fled returned to their plantations, and Mulledy made a third visit later that month, where he gathered some of the remaining slaves for transport. She prides herself on being unflappable. A photo of the slave cabins at Laurel Valley in Thibodaux is part of the GU272 Memory Project. He was valued at $900. There was no need for a map. Leave a message for others who see this profile. To pay that debt, the university sold 272 slaves the very people that helped build the school itself. Georgetown University announced on Tuesday it will create a fund that could generate close to $400,000 a year to benefit the descendants of slaves once sold by the university, the latest in the . [2] As the sole ministers of Catholicism in Maryland at the time, the Jesuit estates became the centers of Catholicism. [11] On some plantations, the majority of slaves did not work because they were too young or old. The week also provided opportunities for members of the descendant community to connect with one another and with Jesuits through a private vigil on Monday night, a descendant-only dinner on Tuesday evening and tours of the Maryland plantation where their ancestors were enslaved. We pray with you today because we have greatly sinned and because we are profoundly sorry.. When the Society of Jesus was suppressed worldwide by Pope Clement XIV in 1773, ownership of the plantations was transferred from the Jesuits' Maryland Mission to the newly established Corporation of Roman Catholic Clergymen. What has emerged from their research, and that of other scholars, is a glimpse of an insular world dominated by priests who required their slaves to attend Mass for the sake of their salvation, but also whipped and sold some of them. Examined and found correct, he wrote of Cornelius and the 129 other people he found on the ship. The sale of 272 slaves in 1838 rescued the College from crushing debt. The articles of agreement listed each of the slaves by name to be sold. [48] It is one of the most well-documented slave sales of its era. On June 19, 1838, the Maryland Province of the Society of Jesus agreed to sell 272 slaves to two southern Louisiana sugar planters, former governor Henry Johnson and Jesse Batey, for $115,000, equivalent to $2.79 million in 2020, in order to rescue Georgetown University from bankruptcy. Now shes working for justice. Jesse Batey died in 1851 and the White Oak Plantation was sold. The internal slave trade in the United States, also known as the domestic slave trade, the Second Middle Passage and the interregional slave trade, was the term for the domestic trade of enslaved people within the United States that reallocated slaves across states during the Antebellum period.It was most significant after 1808, when the importation of slaves was prohibited. Password reset instructions will be sent to your registered email address. Today, the universitys leaders, students and alumni are grappling with how to confront that history. We pray with you today because we have greatly sinned and because we are profoundly sorry. This message was delivered to more than 100 descendants of the original enslaved people who had been sol to finance the institution. [56][62] In 2016, The New York Times published an article that brought the history of the Jesuits' and university's relationship with slavery to national attention. That building is now known as Freedom Hall. But six years after he appeared in the census, and about three decades after the birth of his first child, he renewed his wedding vows with the blessing of a priest. Other slaves were sold locally in Maryland so that they would not be separated from their spouses who were either free or owned by non-Jesuits, in compliance with Roothaan's order. [5] The first record of slaves working Jesuit plantations in Maryland dates to 1711, but it is likely that there were slave laborers on the plantations a generation before then. GU272 descendent Carolyn Smith gestures toward gravestones of descendants of enslaved people in Houma, La. [22], In October 1836, Roothaan officially authorized the Maryland Jesuits to sell their slaves, so long as three conditions were satisfied: the slaves were to be permitted to practice their Catholic faith, their families were not to be separated, and the proceeds of the sale had to be used to support Jesuits in training,[23] rather than to pay down debts. Ashby's account book at Newtown.For a spreadsheet with all the data transcribed, seeGSA5. [37] Roothaan was particularly concerned because it had become clear that, contrary to his order, families had been separated by the slaves' new owners. Georgetown Slavery Archive Date 1838 Contributor Adam Rothman Relation GSA63 Format PDF Language English Type Text Identifier GSA5 Text Item Type Metadata Original Format Spreadsheet Files Collection Sale of Maryland Jesuit's enslaved community to Louisiana in 1838 Tags Families, Plantations, Slaves Citation [67] The university also gave permanent names to the two buildings. In 1836, the Jesuit Superior General, Jan Roothaan, authorized the provincial superior to carry out the sale on three conditions: the slaves must be permitted to practice their Catholic faith, their families must not be separated, and the proceeds of the sale must be used only to support Jesuits in training. Her ancestors, once amorphous and invisible, are finally taking shape in her mind. Some wrote emotional letters to Roothaan denouncing the morality of the sale. Shoes and clothing were made in the North and shipped to be used by the enslaved people. 2023 A Month of Tribute to 31 Women We Should All Know, Rosewood A Typical Race Riot in America. You are here: blueberry crumble cake delicious magazine; hendersonville nc city council candidates 2021; list of slaves sold by georgetown university . Soon, the two men and their teams were working on parallel tracks. THEY NEED TO BE FOUND AND LINKED. Families would not be separated. In fact, Harvard, Columbia, Brown, University of Virginia did as well. [10], Due to these extensive landholdings, the Propaganda Fide in Rome had come to view the American Jesuits negatively, believing they lived lavishly like manorial lords. The website is part of a collaboration between Boston-based American Ancestors, also called the New England Historic Genealogical Society, and the Georgetown Memory Project, which was founded by Georgetown alumnus Richard Cellini. While the plantations were initially worked by indentured servants, as the institution of indentured servitude began to fade away in Maryland, African slaves replaced indentured servants as the primary workers on the plantations. He addressed his concerns to Father Mulledy, who three years earlier had returned to his post as president of Georgetown. Documents provide the factual framework, but people supply the human story.. Advertisement In Bayonne-Johnson's hands,. Jan Roothaan, who headed the Jesuits international organization from Rome and was initially reluctant to authorize the sale. Wondering why we ask for your email, or having trouble registering. Now that we have this data, my hope is that we can use it to open doors and make connections. Please see also: Slaves Transported on the Katherine Jackson of Georgetown, Arriving New Orleans 6 Dec 1838, Source: "List of slaves on each estate to be sold," Box 40, Folder 10, Maryland Province Archives[2], Categories: Ascension Parish, Louisiana, Slave Owners | Ascension Parish, Louisiana, Slaves | Iberville Parish, Louisiana, Slave Owners | Iberville Parish, Louisiana, Slaves | Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia | Georgetown University Slaves | District of Columbia, Slave Owners | District of Columbia, Slaves | Maryland, Slaves | Maryland, Slave Owners, WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. Maxine Crump, 69, a descendant of one of the slaves sold by the Jesuits, in a Louisiana sugar cane field where researchers believe her ancestor once worked. A Reflection for Friday of the First Week of Lent, by Jill Rice. When you register, youll get unlimited access to our website and a free subscription to our email newsletter for daily updates with a smart, Catholic take on faith and culture from. The next year, Pope Gregory XVI explicitly barred Catholics from engaging in this traffic in Blacks no matter what pretext or excuse.. But the revelations about her lineage and the church she grew up in have unleashed a swirl of emotions. The U.S. Department of State defines modern slavery as "the act of recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing, or obtaining a person for compelled . [65], On April 18, 2017, DeGioia, along with the provincial superior of the Maryland Province, and the president of the Jesuit Conference of Canada and the United States, held a liturgy in which they formally apologized on behalf of their respective institutions for their participation in slavery. [52] In 2014, renovation began on Ryan and Mulledy Halls to convert them into a student residence. She later joined the Oblate Sisters of Providence, recognized as the oldest active Roman Catholic sisterhood in the Americas established by women of African descent. Timothy Kesicki, S.J., president of the Jesuit Conference of Canada and the United States, during a morning Liturgy of Remembrance, Contrition, and Hope. Banks would finance land purchases using slaves as collateral. It is interesting that the date was June 19th as many years later, it was on what is now recognized as Juneteenth. [47], While the 1838 slave sale gave rise to scandal at the time, the event eventually faded out of the public awareness. Corneliuss extended family was split, with his aunt Nelly and her daughters shipped to one plantation, and his uncle James and his wife and children sent to another, records show. For the eighth year, the Forum was hosted by The Atlantic in partnership with the Aspen Institute. [48] In 1977, the Maryland Province named Georgetown's Lauinger Library as the custodian of its historic archives, which were made available to the public through the Georgetown University Library, Saint Louis University Library, and Maryland State Library. [7] In 1830, the new Superior General, Jan Roothaan, returned Kenney to the United States, specifically to address the question of whether the Jesuits should divest themselves of their rural plantations altogether, which by this time had almost completely paid down their debt. Anne Marie Becraft Hall, formerly known as McSherry Hall and renamed Remembrance Hall two years ago, is named for a free woman of color who established a school in the town of Georgetown for black girls. These posts focus on the reality of Black life in America after the Civil War culminating in the landmark Brown v Board of Education that changed so many of the earlier practices. By the 1840s, word was trickling back to Washington that the slaves new owners had broken their promises. Now students, professors and alumni want to know what happened to those men and women and what the university will do moving forward. Leaders in policy, business, technology, science, history, arts and culture engaged with top journalists on the most consequential issues of our time. Much more than a way to chat. Several substitutions were made to the initial list of those to be sold, and 91 of those initially listed remained in Maryland. His children and grandchildren also embraced the Catholic church. Their panic and desperation would be mostly forgotten for more than a century. What Does It Owe Their Descendants? Following Batey's death, his West Oak plantation and the slaves living there were sold in January 1853 to Tennessee politician Washington Barrow and Barrow's son, John S. Barrow, a resident of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Use our links to Amazon anytime you shop Amazon. The Jesuits ultimately received payment many years late and never received the full $115,000. [29] The slaves Mulledy gathered were sent on the three-week voyage aboard the Katherine Jackson,[27] which departed Alexandria on November 13 and arrived in New Orleans on December 6. Acknowledging the changing realities and increasing demands placed on contemporary postsecondary education, this book meets educators where they are and offers an effective design framework for what it means to move beyond equity being a buzzword in higher education. The institution came under fire last fall, with students demanding justice for the slaves in the 1838 sale. The presidents of Harvard University and Georgetown University discuss their institutions historic ties to slavery in a conversation with Ta-Nehisi Coates. And they were sold, along with scores of others, to help secure the future of the premier Catholic institution of higher learning at the time, known today as Georgetown University. Of the sum, $8,000 was used to satisfy a financial obligation that,[23] following a long-running and contentious dispute, Pope Pius VII had previously determined the Maryland Jesuits owed to Archbishop Ambrose Marchal of Baltimore and his successors. In the case of Amazon, please use our links whenever you shop. [37], Before Roothaan's order reached Mulledy, Mulledy had already accepted the advice of McSherry and Eccleston in June 1839 to resign and go to Rome to defend himself before Roothaan. In exchange, they would receive 272 slaves from the four Jesuit plantations in southern Maryland,[5][24] constituting nearly all of the slaves owned by the Maryland Jesuits. In November, the university agreed to remove the names of the Rev. From these estates, the Jesuits traveled the countryside on horseback, administering the sacraments and catechizing the Catholic laity. He was about 48 then, a father, a husband, a farm laborer and, finally, a free man. The worn gravestone had toppled, but the wording was plain: Neely Hawkins Died April 16, 1902.. In 1870, he appeared in the census for the first time. Joseph Carberry, 1824 GSA29: Priscilla Queen petitions for her freedom, 1810 GSA30: Edward Queen petitions for his freedom, 1791 GSA31: Proceedings of the General Chapter at White Marsh, May 1789 GSA32: Fanny & her family, 1815 They were heading to the only Catholic cemetery in Maringouin. These are real people with real names and real descendants.. The university itself owes its existence to this history, said Adam Rothman, a historian at Georgetown and a member of a university working group that is studying ways for the institution to acknowledge and try to make amends for its tangled roots in slavery. On November 14, 2015, DeGioia announced that he and the university's board of directors accepted the working group's recommendation, and would rename the buildings accordingly. Behind her are sugar plantations and the sugar mill where her ancestors worked. A photograph of Frank Campbell, one of 272 slaves sold to keep Georgetown University afloat, was found in a scrapbook at Nicholls State University in Louisiana. [27], The articles of agreement listed each of the slaves being sold by name. (Best for messages specifically directed to those editing this profile. Cardinal McElroy on radical inclusion for L.G.B.T. Check out some of the. Meet Paul Haring, the CNS photographer who covered the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI and the election of Francis, numerous international papal trips and the daily action of Vatican life for over a decade. What Does It Owe Their Descendants? Father Mulledy promised his superiors that the slaves would continue to practice their religion. [24] He located two Louisiana planters who were willing to purchase the slaves: Henry Johnson, a former United States Senator and governor of Louisiana, and Jesse Batey. The records describe runaways, harsh plantation conditions and the anguish voiced by some Jesuits over their participation in a system of forced servitude. [5], On June 19, 1838, Mulledy, Johnson, and Batey signed articles of agreement formalizing the sale. Slaves Transported on the Katherine Jackson of Georgetown, Arriving New Orleans 6 Dec 1838, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1838_Jesuit_slave_sale, https://slaveryarchive.georgetown.edu/items/show/9, https://gu272.americanancestors.org/family/all-families, https://gu272.americanancestors.org/sites/default/files/2022-01/GMP%20Ancestor%20Database%202019%2002%2008%20%281%29%20%281%29.xlsx, Send a private message to the Profile Manager, Ascension Parish, Louisiana, Slave Owners, Iberville Parish, Louisiana, Slave Owners, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, Public Comments:

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